000002812 001__ 2812 000002812 005__ 20250424232756.0 000002812 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.6083/M4HQ3XNJ 000002812 037__ $$aETD 000002812 245__ $$aBeyond the binary: a proposal for uniform standards for gender identity and more descriptive sex classifications in electronic medical records 000002812 260__ $$bOregon Health and Science University 000002812 269__ $$a2014 000002812 336__ $$aThesis 000002812 502__ $$bM.B.I. 000002812 502__ $$gBiomedical Informatics 000002812 520__ $$aSex and gender are commonly thought to be synonymous, and both are generally classified using the binary categories of male and female. Existing standards applying to electronic health records (EHRs) all use, or until very recently have used, only these two categories plus “unknown” or “not-specified” with the latter options existing more for irretrievable or absent information than for purposes of documenting a diverse set of possible expected answers. Evidence is mounting that the binary options may not be adequate for many populations, including but not limited to intersex and transgendered patients. This paper examines the supporting basis for more inclusive and clear gender and sex classifications in EHRs, provides an argument that Meaningful Use Stage 3 should include a requirement for such a classification scheme, and proposes a framework for such requirements that would meet the needs of the affected population, providers, and vendors taking into account the experiences gathered by trailblazing providers and vendors since the IoM report of 2011. 000002812 540__ $$fCC BY 000002812 542__ $$fIn copyright - single owner 000002812 650__ $$aDemography$$017465 000002812 650__ $$aGender Identity$$019434 000002812 650__ $$aElectronic Health Records$$038928 000002812 650__ $$aMeaningful Use$$040072 000002812 650__ $$aTransgender Persons$$040159 000002812 6531_ $$atransgender people 000002812 691__ $$aSchool of Medicine$$041369 000002812 692__ $$aDepartment of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology$$041422 000002812 7001_ $$aMoscoe, Gwendolyn$$uOregon Health and Science University$$041354 000002812 7201_ $$aFletcher, Justin$$uOregon Health and Science University$$041354$$7Personal$$eAdvisor 000002812 8564_ $$9bc628eff-725f-4dfe-a21f-3a506e3d8606$$s130722$$uhttps://digitalcollections.ohsu.edu/record/2812/files/3580_etd.pdf$$ePublic$$212839877dc3832f59b5156dbf3335e15$$31 000002812 905__ $$a/rest/prod/6d/56/zw/83/6d56zw83b 000002812 909CO $$ooai:digitalcollections.ohsu.edu:2812$$pstudent-work 000002812 980__ $$aBiomedical Informatics