@article{IR,
      author = {Wessel, Brady},
      url = {http://digitalcollections.ohsu.edu/record/41313},
      title = {Development of a 3-dimensional trophoblast organoid model  system},
      publisher = {Oregon Health and Science University},
      abstract = {Access to early gestational placental tissue in humans is  constrained by a host of ethical challenges. As a result,  early events of placentation and fetal development are  poorly understood. The need for superior modelling  capabilities has sparked interest in tissue-derived  organoids in a translational animal model. Using tissue  derived from rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) as a model  system is favorable due to their structural and  developmental similarities to the human placenta, and their  ability to alleviate ethical concerns. Organoids are  3-dimensional cell cultures that assemble into miniature  versions of their parent tissue. This makes them an  invaluable tool for in vitro studies. Placental organoids  can be generated by collecting proliferative  cytotrophoblast cells from early gestational timepoints.  These cells retain their stemness and can organize into  organoids expressing cytotrophoblast (CTB) and  syncytiotrophoblast (SYN) cell types. Crucially, placental  organoids can be induced to differentiate into extravillous  trophoblast (EVT), which are the cell phenotype  responsible for anchoring the placenta to the maternal  decidua. One caveat of trophoblast organoids is the  inversion between their SYN and CTB cell layers. As the  maternal/fetal blood barrier, SYN reside outside CTB in  normal placentae, whereas in organoids they are found in  the innermost layers. SYN are responsible for oxygen,  nutrient, and waste exchange between the mother and  fetus. Proper exterior presentation of SYN will allow  manipulation of in vitro conditions and facilitate  effective functional studies. Developing trophoblast  organoid models from the Rhesus macaque which are  meticulously characterized and validated will be important  for discovery and innovation. Correcting polarity  alongside characterization will offer an incredibly  powerful tool for researchers to examine questions around  early placental development, as well as assaying  what external stimuli (e.g., drugs, virus) can cross or  impact the function of the maternal/fetal barrier, and  yield insight into the mechanisms of placentation and  maternal blood supply. },
      number = {IR},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.6083/bpxhc41313},
      recid = {41313},
      address = {2023-07-20},
}