@article{ETD,
      recid = {9972},
      author = {Tsai, Matthew},
      title = {Changes in esthetic parameters of vacuum-formed retainers  after staining and cleaning},
      publisher = {Oregon Health and Science University},
      school = {M.S.},
      address = {2022},
      number = {ETD},
      abstract = {The objective of this study is to measure and compare  initial, post-staining, and post-cleaning color, gloss and  surface roughness of five different orthodontic  thermoplastic retainer materials. Conclusion: For all VFR  materials, staining and cleaning does not change contrast  ratio, gloss, and surface roughness in a clinically  significant manner. Turmeric is a powerful staining agent,  and [Delta]E*00 for PE > PP > PU when stained. Invisalign  Cleaning Crystals, Polident, and Retainer Brite do not  differ significantly in effectiveness of stain-removal  except for turmeric in certain cases, where Invisalign  Cleaning Crystals were most effective.},
      url = {http://digitalcollections.ohsu.edu/record/9972},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.6083/rv042t808},
}