Lead poisoning remains a major threat to child health, especially in under-studied rural populations. This study analyzed data from 3,182 children in the Philippines and found that 29% had elevated blood lead levels (≥10 µg/dL). Several demographic and environmental factors were associated with higher exposure. While higher lead levels were initially linked to poorer cognitive and behavioral outcomes, this association weakened after adjusting for confounders. Findings highlight widespread exposure and the urgent need for targeted interventions and screening to reduce lead-related health risks in vulnerable populations.