There is growing appreciation for the role that commensal microorganisms play in affecting host health and disease, especially in humans. Comprised of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, the human gut harbors a diverse community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiome, that contribute to metabolism and immunity, among other vital functions1. Altered gut microbiome composition has been associated with various types of diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases, and cancers.