Human postural control relies on anticipatory mechanisms to maintain stability during movement and external perturbations. This study examined the roles of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), using healthy individuals and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Findings indicate that cortical regions coordinate the timing and scaling of APAs, while basal ganglia dysfunction in PD impairs these processes, reducing response efficiency. Anticipatory control was shown to adapt to environmental context in healthy subjects but was diminished in PD, highlighting the importance of dynamic cortical–subcortical interactions for efficient and stable movement.
