EHR adoption rates rose sharply in the early 2000s as a result of federal incentives and wide acclaim for the potential positive effects of EHRs on physician efficiency, quality care delivery, and patient safety. In light of untoward effects on patient care that were observed following EHR implementations, questions arose regarding EHRs’ true impact on clinical workflow and medical care. In particular, lagging adoption rates among pediatricians and specialists compared to generalists suggested inequities in the ability of EHRs to meet all physicians’ information needs. Furthermore, end-user behavior and training were found to be highly variable despite the need for clinicians to be able to access the same key clinical data.