Biomineralization in extreme iron and manganese depositing environments

Biomineral templating of Fe and Mn oxides is thought to be influenced by EPS, which determines the micro-environmental conditions for the microorganisms inhabiting the biofilm. The composition and morphology of EPS and its reactive side chains effect the porosity, density, water content, charge (i.e. reactive side chains), and mechanical stability of biofilm microbial diversity and biofilm morphology. Although it is known that microorganisms play a vital role in the biogeochemical cycling of metals, much is yet to be learned as to the mechanisms used in redox reactions. As we explore extreme environments we will gain more insight into the role microorganisms and their metabolic process play in the biogeochemical cycling of elements as well as identify novel microorganisms and unique metabolisms on Earth.