Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young and middle aged adults.1 Diagnosis, monitoring, and the study of MS all rely heavily on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thanks to its ability to non-invasively observe brain tissue pathology in-vivo. A variety of advanced imaging techniques have been proposed to evaluate tissue and vascular properties including water content, myelin content (to assess demyelination and remyelination), vascular permeability (BBB breakdown in the case of neuroinflammatory diseases), and vascular density in-vivo. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of disease were developed in two separate animal models of MS and subsequently extended to human studies.