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Abstract
This study examined the effects of two six‑month weight‑loss diets—one high‑carbohydrate and one low‑carbohydrate with higher protein and fat—on urinary calcium excretion, bone turnover, and bone quality. We hypothesized that the low‑carbohydrate diet would increase urinary calcium loss, elevate bone resorption (higher N‑telopeptide, lower BSAP), and reduce bone mineral content and density compared with the high‑carbohydrate diet. Participants completed dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry and biochemical assessments of bone turnover and calcium excretion. Findings from this investigation provide insight into how macronutrient composition during weight loss may influence calcium metabolism and skeletal health.