Cancer treatment has advanced rapidly in the past decade, with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) delivering improved outcomes across a variety of malignant indications. However, their application is associated with the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are linked to the physiological role of checkpoint molecules like PD-1 and CTLA-4 in regulating immunological self-tolerance and safeguarding non-malignant tissues from the immune response. CPIs disrupt these checkpoints, restoring the immune system's cytotoxic function to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, potentially leading to immune dysregulation and the onset of irAEs.