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Abstract
The brain regulates nociceptive processing through descending projections from the brainstem to the spinal and trigeminal dorsal horns. This is accomplished through endogenous pain-modulating circuits that can amplify or suppress pain-related signals, and normally maintain a balance between facilitation and inhibition of pain. The output of this pain-modulating system, via the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) has been extensively studied. This work describes direct and indirect pain transmission pathways from the trigeminal dorsal horn to the RVM.