Techniques and technology for dielectrophoresis separation and sensing of complex biological samples

Biological nanoparticles present in bodily fluids carry diagnostically relevant biomarkers with potential for non-invasive disease detection through liquid biopsy. However, the isolation of these particles is challenging due to their small size and similar density to plasma. Conventional methods, such as ultracentrifugation, are time-consuming and require specialized equipment. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has emerged as an effective particle isolation method. DEP utilizes compact and cost-effective electronics suitable for point-of-care and field applications. This work presents advances in DEP-based nanoparticle isolation, focusing on variability reduction, identification of novel targets, and integration with sensing technologies.