Relationships between baseline fasting glucose and insulin status, type 2 diabetes, and incident prostate cancer in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS)

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and prostate cancer have risen in recent years, raising questions about shared biological pathways. In a cohort of 5,995 men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study followed for eight years, we examined fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and type 2 diabetes in relation to incident prostate cancer. Impaired fasting glucose was not associated with increased risk, but higher fasting insulin levels were linked to greater prostate cancer risk. In contrast, men with type 2 diabetes showed a lower risk. These findings suggest complex, differing roles for insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in prostate cancer development.