Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnostic methods are suboptimal due to limitations in reproducibility and accuracy, which affects clinical management and understanding of risk factors for CIN. These limitations are especially relevant for the histologic diagnosis of moderate dysplasia (CIN 2). We hypothesize that molecular markers, such as p16 and Ki-67, may improve diagnostic reproducibility and accuracy and also lead to a better understanding of cervical cancer epidemiology.
