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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and a major cause of anogenital cancers, yet data on HPV epidemiology in men remain limited. This study analyzed 3,593 men from Brazil, Mexico, and the U.S. enrolled in the HPV in Men (HIM) study (2005–2006) to identify risk factors for HPV infection. Participants completed behavioral surveys and were tested for HPV and other STIs. Overall HPV prevalence was 68%, highest in Brazil (74%) and lowest in Mexico (63%). Multivariable analysis showed that lifetime and recent number of sexual partners, younger age at sexual debut, co-infections (HSV or chlamydia), high alcohol intake, and having a partner with genital warts or abnormal Pap smear were associated with HPV infection. Risk factors did not differ significantly by country. Findings indicate HPV is highly prevalent among men globally, with consistent behavioral and clinical predictors across regions.