Implications of neuropeptide Y induction in the dorsomedial hypothalamus for hyperphagia and obesity

Obesity rates are rising, yet treatments remain limited due to incomplete understanding of energy homeostasis. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) have emerged as key regulators of feeding behavior, promoting energy intake over expenditure. This thesis examines DMH-NPY neurons during development, lactation, and diet-induced obesity using gene expression analysis, neuronal tracing, and characterization of leptin and CART interactions. Findings reveal distinct mechanisms driving DMH-NPY activation and hyperphagia, offering insights into hypothalamic adaptations that favor positive energy balance and contribute to obesity.