The human bladder was long believed to be a sterile environment, except for acute infections. However, evidence from sequenced-based and enhanced culturing techniques have revealed the bladder supports a population of bacteria even in the absence of infection. The discovery of a bladder microbiota naturally leads to the question of how it influences the health of the host, and recent clinical studies collectively provide evidence that understanding changes in the bacterial diversity and abundance of the bladder microbiota is relevant and warrants further investigation.