Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent chronic condition characterized by symptoms or mucosal damage resulting from abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. While heartburn and regurgitation are typical manifestations, GERD may also present with extraesophageal symptoms and lead to complications such as erosive esophagitis, strictures, and Barrett’s esophagus. Given its high prevalence, substantial health care costs, and role as a key risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, GERD represents a significant public health concern. Current management emphasizes empirical acid suppression therapy, with diagnostic endoscopy reserved for patients with alarm symptoms or chronic disease at risk for complications such as Barrett’s esophagus. Challenges remain in identifying individuals most likely to benefit from screening and surveillance strategies.
