Approximately 2 million Americans live with opioid use disorder (OUD), the majority of whom also have chronic pain. The disorder is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, with mortality rate ten times higher than that of the average population. Prescription opioids are involved in approximately 30% of the death from drug overdose, contributing significantly to the nation's opioid crisis. There is a need to understand the complexity of risk assessment and harm reduction tasks and the interplays between data, information systems, and people to improve the design and development of interventions that enhance guideline adoption and patient outcomes.