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Abstract

Social support research has more recently shifted focus from the benefits of being on the receiving end of support to the giving end. Current research has not taken the leap to look at both simultaneously. Mutuality, distinct from mutual support, is a broader concept of bidirectional flow of feelings, activities, and thoughts often found in caregiving research. The concept of mutuality within social support has not yet been explored. Mutuality is measured by the Mutual Psychological Development Questionnaire in six dimensions: empathy, engagement, authenticity, zest, diversity, and empowerment. High mutuality scores have been correlated with higher quality of life in chronic illness patients and shown to ameliorate depression in difficult caregiving situations. The objective of this study is to examine how mutuality influences the involvement of close relations in depression care of veterans.

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