Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a common disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and includes bothersome symptoms such as urinary frequency and urgency. Several factors can contribute to OAB symptoms, including recently discovered bacteria in the bladder (the urobiome). However, compared to other body sites, our knowledge of bacteria in bladder is in its infancy, and there are many questions that need to be addressed to identify the urobiome's clinical utility.