This thesis work focuses on technical developments in the field of plasmonic nanomaterials and its related areas of synthesis and optical characterization. Metal nanoparticles are widely used materials for molecular sensors. While fluorescence-based omics analysis remains the mainstay for biomarker detection, development of label-free approaches are important in pushing the boundaries of diagnostic sensing. Plasmonic nanoparticles revolve around a phenomenon called localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). LSPR refers to the oscillation of conduction electrons confined in the metal structure where upon optical excitation, local field enhancements and enhanced light scattering and absorption will occur.