Tuberculosis (TB) is a pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Approximately one-third of the global population is infected with latent TB, an asymptomatic form of the disease that is phenotypically drug-tolerant. Dormant Mtb reactivates when the immune system weakens, contributing to the nearly 10 million new cases of active TB that occur each year. To better diagnose, treat, and ultimately eradicate TB, there is an urgent need to understand the enzymes associated with dormancy and reactivation. In my dissertation research, I used chemical tools to identify Mtb enzymatic activity associated with dormant, reactivating, and active Mtb. My research focused on esterases, including the lipase subclass, which influence Mtb pathogenicity and reactivation from dormancy.