The world is full of sound—often in the form of noisy, acoustically cluttered environments—that we must make sense of. Noise vying for our attention overlaps with the sounds we care about and can be quite complex, requiring our brains to disentangle these different sound sources to allow noise-robust perception, an ability called auditory streaming. This means that somewhere between sounds hitting our eardrums and perceptual awareness our brains filter out the noise. The work presented in this dissertation looks at where and how individual neurons in the brain perform the computations that ultimately permit auditory streaming.