Uncovering the role of T cells in the control of varicella zoster virus using simian varicella virus infection of rhesus macaques as a model

Varicella zoster virus (VZV), the cause of chickenpox and shingles, establishes latency in sensory ganglia and reactivates with immune decline, leading to significant morbidity. Current vaccines provide only short-term immunity, highlighting the need for improved strategies. Using simian varicella virus (SVV) infection in rhesus macaques as a model, we investigated cellular immunity in viral resolution. Our findings reveal critical roles for CD4 and CD8 T cells, including cytotoxic and cytokine functions, and implicate plasmacytoid dendritic cells in early responses. Immune depletion confirmed cellular immunity as essential for SVV control. These results advance understanding of adaptive immunity and inform vaccine development.