Cephalometric have been extensively used in the field of orthodontics since the introduction of the technique by Broadbent and Hoffrath in 1931. Many studies have been do [...]

A biological force applied to a tooth will cause that tooth to move and has been a well-known fact for centuries. One of the central questions investigated concerns wheth [...]

Controlled movement of teeth is a fundamental procedure for the clinical dentist dealing with the correction of malocclusion. Because of the poor understanding of the bio [...]

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the relationships that exist between orthodontic tooth movement and noncalcified connective tissue of the periodontium, both dur [...]

Color photograph of Dale L. Walker, D.M.D., sitting beside tooth extraction tools and a bag of teeth in Rethy, Congo, 1985.

Color photograph of Dale L. Walker, D.M.D., performing a tooth extraction in Rethy, Congo beside a bag of teeth while a crowd of children watch, 1985.

One of the fundamental factors involved in orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances is the magnitude of force delivered by the arch wire to the teeth. Many author [...]